Work-to-Life Conflict among Women Employees in Selected Industrial Organizations in Chhattisgarh: Workplace and Economic Correlates

Authors

  • Sanjeev Kumar Pahak Author
  • Satish Kumar Sahu Dr. C.V. Raman University Kargi Road Kota Bilaspur Chhattisgarh Author

Keywords:

Chhattisgarh, Industrial Employment, Salary Adequacy, Women Employees, Work-Life Balance, Work-to-Life Conflict

Abstract

Work-to-life conflict among women employees is shaped by the interaction of employment demands, household responsibilities, and access to workplace and economic resources. This study examined whether six factors - special organizational attention, perceived salary adequacy, savings, salary increments, growth and development opportunities, and job security - were associated with differences in work-to-life conflict among women employed in selected industrial organizations in Chhattisgarh, India. A descriptive cross-sectional survey yielded 452 usable responses from women aged 20-40 years. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare group means, with 95% confidence intervals and Cohen's d used to support interpretation. Perceived salary adequacy was the only factor associated with a statistically significant difference: women reporting inadequate salary had higher work-to-life conflict than those reporting adequate salary, t(450) = -6.29, p < .001, d = -0.60. Differences for special attention, savings, increments, growth and development, and job security were not statistically significant. The findings indicate that perceived salary adequacy is an important correlate of work-to-life conflict in this sample, while the non-significant organizational indicators should not be interpreted as evidence of no practical relevance. Compensation sufficiency and family-responsive workplace practices merit joint consideration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352

[2] Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001

[3] Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278

[4] Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8

[5] Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sune, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010

[6] Ministry of Labour & Employment. (2025). Annual report 2024-25. Government of India. https://labour.gov.in/sites/default/files/arenglish2024-25_compressed.pdf

[7] Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. (2025). Fact sheet on Time Use Survey, 2024. Government of India. https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/TUS_Factsheet_25022025.pdf

[8] Shockley, K. M., Shen, W., DeNunzio, M. M., Arvan, M. L., & Knudsen, E. A. (2017). Disentangling the relationship between gender and work-family conflict: An integration of theoretical perspectives using meta-analytic methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(12), 1601-1635. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000246

[9] Mittal, K., Singh, K., & Sharma, G. (2017). Work-life balance and employee health: A cross-sectional analysis of manufacturing and service sectors. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(7), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i7/116493

[10] Bharathi, S. V., & Mala, E. P. (2016). A study on the determinants of work-life balance of women employees in information technology companies in India. Global Business Review, 17(3), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916630847

[11] Prithi, S., & Vasumathi, A. (2018). The influence of demographic profile on work life balance of women employees in tannery industry - An empirical study. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26(1), 259-284.

[12] Vasumathi, A., Arun, P., & Rao, P. K. (2021). An empirical bivariate study on work life balance of women labours with special reference to tannery industry. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 38(2), 276-298. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOM.2021.113029

[13] Anand, A., & Vohra, V. (2022). What helps me cope with work-family conflict at my high-performance work system in India: A thematic analysis of sociocultural factors. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 47(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909221083282

[14] Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work-family conflict: A meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family-specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x

[15] Yadav, V., & Sharma, H. (2023). Family-friendly policies, supervisor support and job satisfaction: Mediating effect of work-family conflict. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management, 20(1), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-02-2021-0050

[16] Yu, A., Pichler, S., Russo, M., & Hammer, L. B. (2022). Family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) and work-family conflict: The role of stereotype content, supervisor gender, and gender role beliefs. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 95(2), 275-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12379

[17] Addati, L., Cattaneo, U., & Pozzan, E. (2022). Care at work: Investing in care leave and services for a more gender equal world of work. International Labour Organization. https://doi.org/10.54394/AQOF1491

[18] Purang, P., Dutta, A., & Biwalkar, S. (2024). Tussle of identities: Indian women engineers on work-family conflict. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 39(5), 699-713. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-07-2022-0249

[19] Vikas, S., & Mathur, A. (2024). Work-life balance of women employees in the Indian banking industry: An empirical study of the state of Haryana. International Journal of Banking, Risk and Insurance, 12(Special Issue), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.21863/ijbri/2024.12.sp.iss.008

[20] Ali, R., & Sujood. (2025). Work-life balance, career motivation and women: A systematic literature review and research agenda in the Indian context. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 40(3), 467-504. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-01-2024-0022

[21] Shah, C., Raval, A., Bhatia, M., & Thanki, S. (2025). Work-life balance among working women: A study with reference to service industry. NMIMS Management Review, 33(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/09711023251321667

[22] Baba, M. M., Krishnan, C., & Goswami, N. G. (2025). A five-decade analysis of work-life balance among women through systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Future Business Journal, 11, Article 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00584-w

[23] Rajagopalan, M., Abdul Sathar, M. B., Soosai Micheal, M. P. S., Parayitam, S., & Quttainah, M. (2025). A double-mediation and three-way interaction model of the nexus between work-family conflict and job satisfaction: Evidence from India. Global Business Review. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509251322357

[24] Purang, P., Chittem, M., & Narsimhan, H. (2024). Reimagining work but operating with a no off button: Experiences of working mothers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 39(5), 714-728. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-08-2022-0283

[25] Kusum, D., & Pandey, J. K. (n.d.). *Managing HR challenges in insurance industry: A study on life insurance* [Conference paper]. Available at conference.aimt.edu.in

[26] Pandey, J. K., & Kumar, R. (2025). Governing the algorithmic agent: Confronting overt and covert challenges to justice and the future of work. *International Journal of Law Management & Humanities*, *8*(4), 1974–1984. https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.1110648

Downloads

Published

10-10-2026

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Work-to-Life Conflict among Women Employees in Selected Industrial Organizations in Chhattisgarh: Workplace and Economic Correlates. (2026). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Arts and Humanities, 1(3), 72-79. https://ijpress.com/jmsah/article/view/107

Similar Articles

11-16 of 16

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.